东亚国家钉住汇率制度的可持续性研究

本文运用生存分析法，对东亚9国近60年钉住汇率制度的可持续性进行了实证研究。结果表明，东亚国家维持稳定的钉住汇率制度的总“生存时间”至多为51年，其影响因素主要是国内经济变量，故一国若要实现钉住汇率制度的维持与存续，需要保持相对较低的物价和利率水平，以及相对较高的货币供给增长率和国内信贷水平。     

通货膨胀目标制的目标标准设计比较研究

通货膨胀目标标准设计是通货膨胀目标制实施过程中一个关键性问题.不同类别的国家所选择的目标标准表现出不同特征.就目标而言,大多数国家选择是区间目标,或一个点目标,允许一定百分点的上下浮动幅度范围.目标取值都在零通货膨胀率以上.在初期阶段目标期限偏短,在通货膨胀稳定时期,目标期限有加长的倾向.大多数国家使用总CPI指数作为度量标准,可调整的CPI如核心通货膨胀指标也逐渐受到一些国家的重视.     

Reduced-form Models with Regime Switching: An Empirical Analysis for Corporate Bonds

Empirical evidence shows that there is a close link between regime shifts and business cycle fluctuations. A standard term structure of interest rates, such as the Cox et al. (1985 Econometrica, 53, 385–407; CIR) model, is sharply rejected in the Treasury bond data. Only Markov regime-switching models on the entire yield curve of the Treasury bond data can account for the observed behavior of the yield curve. In this paper, we examine the impact of regime shifts on AAA-rated and BBB-rated corporate bonds through the use of a reduced-form model. The model is estimated by the Efficient Method of Moments (EMM). Our empirical results suggest that regime-switching risk has significant implications for corporate bond prices and hence has a material impact on the entire corporate bond yield curve, providing evidence for the approach of rating through the cycle employed by rating agencies.     

"保障措施"的滥用——一种新形式的非关税壁垒措施及其应对策略

保障措施是在本国市场受到外国产品的冲击而产生市场紊乱的情况下采取的救济措施。近年,保障措施有被滥用的趋势,形成了一种新型的非关税壁垒措施。《关税与贸易总协定》与世界贸易组织的《保障措施协议》对实施保障措施规定了严格的条件,这些条件如果得不到遵守,则会对国际贸易的正常开展带来不利的影响。对于“保障措施”的滥用的影响应该采取正确的策略加以抵制或消除。     

基于汇率制度影响因素的汇率制度选择：一个理论综述

汇率制度的选择是一个动态的转换过程,影响汇率制度的因素包括许多方面。基于影响汇率制度的经济因素,应从经济结构特征、价格确定及货币危机理论等角度探讨汇率制度选择理论;基于影响汇率制度的政策因素,应从政策配合、BBC规则及政府信誉等角度探讨汇率制度选择理论。此外,对发展中国家汇率制度选择的讨论在20世纪90年代多次金融危机后开始大量增加,其中比较有影响力的是“原罪论”与“浮动恐惧论”。     

人民币汇率制度改革评述

本文从“退出战略”角度评析2005年7月21日人民币汇率制度改革,分析了盯住篮子货币与盯住单一美元在稳定汇率方面的不同操作策略。然后,从逻辑上推出目前所实行“参考”篮子货币的内涵及在当前汇率制度下,央行可能存在的操作策略。最后利用实证的方法验证了在现有的货币篮子中,美元的权重仍占到95%以上,欧元和日元的比重较小。文章因此认为,短期内,我国的汇率制度仍是“参考美元为主的软盯住的汇率制度(Defacto)”,还没有真正退出,并分析了没有真正退出的原因。     

基于“二元经济结构”的人民币汇率制度转换研究——运用三元模型

本文以26个具有“二元经济结构”特征的转型经济国家为样本,通过建立三元模型,对这些国家从1995￣2004年期间汇率制度转换情况进行了实证研究。结果表明,模型中的解释变量和反映“二元经济结构”特征的控制变量均具有很强的显著性,模型可靠稳定。最后,将我国的数据代入到模型中进行模拟和预测,得出了人民币汇率制度从1995年以来就应该向更加浮动的方向转换的结论。因此,应该把握当前有利时机,积极地向更加灵活的、有管理的浮动汇率制度的新框架进行转换。     

Recursive risk measures under regime switching applied to portfolio selection

In this paper, we define the conditional risk measure under regime switching and derive a class of time consistent multi-period risk measures. To do so, we describe the information process with regime switching in a product space associated with the product of two filtrations. Moreover, we show how to establish the corresponding multi-stage portfolio selection models using the time consistent multi-period risk measure for medium-term or long-term investments. Take the conditional value-at-risk measure as an example, we demonstrate the resulting multi-stage portfolio selection problem can be transformed into a second-order cone programming problem. Finally, we carry out a series of empirical tests to illustrate the superior performance of the proposed random framework and the corresponding multi-stage portfolio selection model.     

人民币名义汇率与中国通胀的区制转换特征研究

我们通过扩展巴拉萨—萨缪尔森假说,对名义汇率升值和通胀的相互替代作用进行了理论解释,并使用马尔科夫区制转换模型研究了1983年1月至2010年11月间人民币/美元汇率和中国通胀率的时间序列行为。经验研究显示,在缩小中美之间价格差距的过程中,结构性通胀与名义汇率升值有着相同的作用。人民币外在升值压力与国内通胀并存的问题,对于宏观经济平衡和货币政策制定者来说,既意味着机遇,也意味着挑战。我们认为,通胀与名义汇率升值的合适政策搭配会降低人民币升值预期,并逐步缓解人民币升值压力。     

Numerical methods for dynamic Bertrand oligopoly and American options under regime switching

Bertrand oligopolies are competitive markets in which a small number of firms producing similar goods use price as their strategic variable. In particular, each firm wants to determine the optimal price that maximizes its expected discounted lifetime profit. The oligopoly problem can be modeled as nonzero-sum games which can be formulated as systems of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) partial differential equations (PDEs). In this paper, we propose fully implicit, positive coefficient finite difference schemes that converge to the viscosity solution for the HJB PDE from dynamic Bertrand monopoly and the two-dimensional HJB system from dynamic Bertrand duopoly. Furthermore, we develop fast multigrid methods for solving these systems of discrete nonlinear HJB PDEs. The new multigrid methods are general and can be applied to other systems of HJB and HJB-Isaacs PDEs arising from American options under regime switching and American options with unequal lending/borrowing rates and stock borrowing fees under regime switching, respectively. We provide a theoretical analysis for the smoother, restriction and interpolation operators of the multigrid methods. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by numerical examples from the dynamic Bertrand problem and pricing American options under regime switching.